「競走馬がマスクをつける理由を知りたい」
「競走馬がマスクを付けると調子が悪いの？」
「競走馬がマスクを付ける効果を知りたい」
このように思っている方も多いのではないでしょうか。
競走馬はいろいろな種類のマスクを着けています。
レース中に馬を見分けやすくするための帽子やユニフォームと違って、マスクには明確な種類と効果が存在します。
そこでこの記事ではマスクから見る馬の特性と、レースに及ぼす効果を解説します。
また、競馬で使われる5種類のマスクとその効果、マスクを付けていた代表的な名馬も紹介します。
競走馬がマスクを付ける理由は？
競走馬がマスクを装着する理由は、もちろんレースに勝つためです。
馬も人間と同じように、様々な性格や特性を持っています。
しかし毎回性格に左右されていては、レースで安定した勝利を生み出せません。
性格をコントロールして、レース中に最高のパフォーマンスを出すために立てる作戦の一つが、マスクです。
競走馬が付けるマスクの種類
競走馬が付ける5つのマスクの種類と効果、それを着けていた代表的な馬を紹介します。
今回紹介するマスクの種類は下記の通りです。
・ジャドーロール
・メンコ
・ブリンカー
・チークピーシーズ
・ホライゾネット
それぞれを詳しく説明していきます。
シャドーロール
シャドーロールは頭絡の鼻革にボア状のものを装着したマスクです。
目から鼻までの一部を覆うリストバンドのような見た目をしており、主に馬の視界の下方を制限するために装着します。
近付いてくる影や芝の切れ目などに敏感な馬は、レース中も他の馬の陰におびえたり、集中力を欠いたりします。
シャドーロールを装着すると視界の下方が制限され、正面だけを見てレースに集中できるのです。
またレース中に頭を上げる馬の癖を抑える効果もあります。
ナリタブライアン
シャドーロールを装着した代表的な馬は「シャドーロールの怪物」との異名を持つナリタブライアンです。
1991年5月3日生まれのナリタブライアンは、皇帝シンボリルドルフなど歴史的にも数頭しかいない「クラシック三冠」の偉業を達成しました。
マヤノトップガンと競り合った阪神大賞典の激戦は、今も名レースだと語り継がれています。
現在でも日本競馬の最強論争で名前の挙がるナリタブライアンの躍進には、シャドーロールが不可欠だったといわれています。
生涯GI5勝、10連続連対達成、1993年度最優秀3歳牡馬、1994年最優秀4歳牡馬などの実績を残したナリタブライアン。
元々は自分の影に驚いて集中力を欠くほど臆病な馬でしたが、シャドーロールを装着したことで本来の力を発揮し、輝かしい戦績を残せるようになったのです。
後年にはシャドーロール無しでも十分なレースができていましたが、トレードマークになっていたため現役中は装着し続けていました。
メンコ
2つ目のマスク「メンコ」は馬の顔全体を覆う大きな覆面型で、音に敏感な馬が装着します。
顔だけでなく耳も覆う形によって邪魔な音が遮断され、馬は音に驚くことなくレースに集中することが可能です。
巻きあがった砂が顔にかかるのも防止できます。
ゴールドシップ
メンコを着けていた代表的な日本馬は「ゴールドシップ」です。
2009年3月6日生まれのゴールドシップは、クラシック2冠や宝塚記念2連覇など、生涯GI6勝の記録を持つ名馬です。
美しい葦毛と最後方から全頭をごぼう抜きする驚異の末脚によって、多くの競馬ファンを魅了しました。
一方、性格の波が激しく数々の問題行為を起こした競馬界きってのじゃじゃ馬としても知られています。
中でも有名なのが、120億円もの馬券を一瞬で紙屑にした「120億円事件」。
宝塚記念を圧倒的な力で連覇したゴールドシップに、日本中の競馬ファンはJRA史上記録のない偉業に期待しました。
ゴールドシップはゲートに入った時点で機嫌が悪く、6万の観衆が見守る中、ゲートオープンの瞬間に隣の馬に飛び掛かるように立ち上がり完全に出遅れたのです。
6万の観衆はどよめき、細江純子レポーターの本気の悲鳴がマイクに入るほどでした。
破天荒さは以前から知られていたため、「120億円事件もゴルシらしい」とゴールドシップを語る上での一つの武勇伝になっています。
ブリンカー
ブリンカーは馬の目元を覆うカップタイプのマスクです。
メンコの目穴部分に合成ゴムやプラスチックのカップを取り付けて、馬の視界の一部を遮断するため「遮眼革」とも言われます。
シャドーロールは視界の下方を遮りますが、ブリンカーは後方から左右までのさらに広範囲の視界を制限するマスクです。
ほぼ360°全方位の視野を持つ馬は人間以上に多くの情報を目から取り入れるため、後方まで覆うことでレースにより集中できるようになります。
マスクの中でも大きく視界を制限するブリンカーはレース前に特別な届け出が必要で、付け忘れた場合にはペナルティが科せられます。
エタリオウ
ブリンカーを着けた代表的な馬は「エタリオウ」です。
2015年2月13日生まれのエタリオウは、ファンから「最強の一勝馬」と呼ばれていました。
エタリオウの名前の由来は、「上手くしとめたとき、応戦するときに勇んで発する言葉」「得たりおう」です。
残念ながら17戦1勝と、エタリオウは生涯で新馬戦の一勝しか勝利がありません。
GIを含めた多くの重賞レースで2位7回という後一歩の惜しい戦績から「最強の一勝馬」と言われています。
結果以上に多くの競馬ファンを楽しませた、記録よりも記憶に残る馬です。
チークピーシーズ
4つ目のマスク「チークピーシーズ」の正式名称は「シープスキン・チークピーシーズ」です。
シャドーロールでは鼻に巻きつけるように装着するボア状のものを、目の後ろから頬にかけて頭絡の頬革に装着することで後方の視界を遮ります。
メンコやブリンカーなどで顔を覆われることを嫌う馬に使われるマスクです。
事前の届け出は必要なく、ブリンカーとは違い当日のコンディションによって着脱を決められます。
スワーヴリチャード
チークピーシーズを着けていた代表的なGIホースは「スワーヴリチャード」です。
2014年3月10日生まれのスワーヴリチャードの主な勝ち鞍は、2018年大阪杯や2019年ジャパンカップです。
新馬戦やクラシックの冠は逃したものの、暮れの有馬記念ではキタサンブラックに並ぶ2番人気に選ばれました。
現役時代、レイデオロとのライバル関係がとても人気だったスワーヴリチャードは、種牡馬になった今再び注目を集めています。
産駒たちがデビュー戦を超えて2023年の新種牡馬リーディングの首位を快走しており、重賞勝利候補が大量に出ています。
種付け料が非常に安いことから、祖父のサンデーサイレンスの再来とも言われるほどです。
ホライゾネット
最後に紹介する「ホライゾネット」は、目元に網目がついたマスクです。
メンコの目元部分を網目のシールドが覆っており、巻きあがった砂が目に入るのを防ぎます。
馬が地面を蹴る力はとてつもなく強く、レース中には跳ね上げた砂が後ろの馬の顔にかかることがあります。
ホライゾネットは、そういった砂を嫌がる馬の集中力を保つのに効果的なマスクです。
ダイワメジャー
ホライゾネットを着けていた代表的な馬は「ダイワメジャー」です。
2001年4月8日生まれのダイワメジャーは、皐月賞、天皇賞（秋）、安田記念、マイルチャンピオンシップ連覇などが主な勝ち鞍です。
皐月賞を制した後に喘鳴症で一時レースから退きながら、復活後には天皇賞（秋）やマイルチャンピオンシップなどのレースに勝利。
特に短距離での戦いぶりが認められ、2006年には最終週単距離馬にも選ばれています。
GI5勝は当時の史上4位タイ記録で、種牡馬になってからもGI級優勝馬を9頭も排出している超良血馬です。
まとめ
意思疎通ができない馬の、パフォーマンスの全てをレースの一瞬に引き出す競技である競馬は、とても繊細な調整が必要になります。
マスクはその調整や作戦の一種で、視界や音の一部を遮断することで敏感な馬の集中力を高める効果があります。
マスクの種類によって馬の気性をうかがい知ることができ、それを加味した予想を立てることも可能です。
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